sync: HP_BOWEI 2026-09-09
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"""cmp_vec.py — Altium 与 KiCad 的离散版图几何等价判定（阶段 3 的决定性证据）。
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为什么这个比栅格 Gerber XOR 更权威：跨工具的 Gerber 不可能像素级一致
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（aperture / 坐标格式 / 填充算法 / 字体 / 负片都不同），栅格 XOR 只能给出
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「像什么程度」。而走线/过孔/焊盘是离散图元，可以逐条逐个匹配 —— 匹配上了
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就是同一块板，匹配不上就是真差异，没有解释空间。
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坐标变换只有两个自由参数，不是曲线拟合：
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kx = s*ax + tx
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ky = -s*ay + ty (Altium y 向上，KiCad y 向下)
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s 由单位固定（Altium API 返回整数 mil -> mm 就是 0.0254），(tx,ty) 由两侧过孔
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质心解出。用 2 个参数去对上几千个过孔+焊盘+走线，对上了就是实证。
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容差默认 30um：eda-agent 读出的 Altium 坐标是**整数 mil**，读数精度本身就有
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±12.7um，两端各一次就接近 25um。KiCad 侧是精确的（导入器直接解析二进制 PcbDoc）。
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用法:
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python cmp_vec.py --altium-vec .../altium_vec --kicad-vec .../kicad_vec \\
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--layer-map .../layer_map.json [--tol-mm 0.030] [--report r.json]
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退出码 0 = 全部图元匹配；1 = 有未匹配图元。
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import argparse
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import collections
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import json
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import math
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import sys
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from pathlib import Path
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def load(path: Path, *containers: str):
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"""容忍两种外壳：裸 list，或 {"vias": [...]} / {"objects": [...]}。"""
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data = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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if isinstance(data, dict):
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for key in containers + ("objects", "vias", "items"):
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if key in data and isinstance(data[key], list):
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return data[key]
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raise SystemExit(f"[ERROR] {path} 是 dict 但找不到列表字段（试过 {containers + ('objects',)}）")
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return data
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def num(v) -> float:
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return float(v)
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def match(a_pts, k_pts, tol, label, out_lines):
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"""网格加速的最近邻一对一匹配。返回 (未匹配的A, 未匹配的K)。"""
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if not a_pts and not k_pts:
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return 0, 0
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cell = max(tol * 4, 0.05)
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grid = collections.defaultdict(list)
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for i, p in enumerate(k_pts):
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grid[(int(p[0] / cell), int(p[1] / cell))].append(i)
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used, res, unmatched = set(), [], 0
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for p in a_pts:
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gx, gy = int(p[0] / cell), int(p[1] / cell)
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best, bd = None, 1e9
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for dx in (-1, 0, 1):
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for dy in (-1, 0, 1):
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for i in grid.get((gx + dx, gy + dy), ()):
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if i in used:
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continue
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d = math.hypot(k_pts[i][0] - p[0], k_pts[i][1] - p[1])
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if d < bd:
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bd, best = d, i
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if best is None or bd > tol:
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unmatched += 1
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else:
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used.add(best)
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res.append(bd)
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line = (f"{label}: altium={len(a_pts)} kicad={len(k_pts)} matched={len(res)} "
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f"unmatched_altium={unmatched} unmatched_kicad={len(k_pts) - len(used)}")
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if res:
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res.sort()
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line += (f"\n residual mm: max={res[-1]:.6f} "
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f"p99={res[min(int(len(res) * 0.99), len(res) - 1)]:.6f} "
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f"median={res[len(res) // 2]:.6f}")
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print("\n" + line)
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out_lines.append(line)
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return unmatched, len(k_pts) - len(used)
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def suggest_layer_map(a_tracks, k_tracks):
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"""没给 layer_map 时，按每层走线条数给个候选映射，供人核对。"""
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a_cnt = collections.Counter(str(t.get("Layer", t.get("layer"))) for t in a_tracks)
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k_cnt = collections.Counter(t["layer"] for t in k_tracks)
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print("\n[layer] Altium 各层走线数: " + json.dumps(a_cnt.most_common(), ensure_ascii=False))
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print("[layer] KiCad 各层走线数: " + json.dumps(k_cnt.most_common(), ensure_ascii=False))
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print("[layer] 没有 --layer-map。请对照上面两组计数写一个 layer_map.json，例如\n"
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' {"TopLayer": "F.Cu", "MidLayer1": "In2.Cu", "BottomLayer": "B.Cu"}\n'
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" 注意层序按叠层走，不要想当然 MidLayerN -> InN.Cu。")
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def main() -> int:
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ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Vector geometry equivalence: Altium vs KiCad")
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ap.add_argument("--altium-vec", required=True)
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ap.add_argument("--kicad-vec", required=True)
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ap.add_argument("--layer-map", help="{Altium层名: KiCad层名} 的 JSON；不给则只比过孔和焊盘并给出建议")
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ap.add_argument("--tol-mm", type=float, default=0.030)
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ap.add_argument("--scale-to-mm", type=float,
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help="Altium 原始单位 -> mm。默认读 altium_vec/meta.json，再默认 0.0254(mil)")
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ap.add_argument("--report", help="把结论写成 JSON")
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args = ap.parse_args()
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av, kv = Path(args.altium_vec), Path(args.kicad_vec)
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scale = args.scale_to_mm
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if scale is None:
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meta_path = av / "meta.json"
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if meta_path.is_file():
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scale = json.loads(meta_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")).get("scale_to_mm")
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scale = scale or 0.0254
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print(f"scale_to_mm : {scale} tol_mm : {args.tol_mm}")
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a_vias = load(av / "vias.json", "vias")
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k_vias = load(kv / "vias.json", "vias")
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print(f"vias: altium={len(a_vias)} kicad={len(k_vias)}")
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if not a_vias or not k_vias:
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raise SystemExit("[ERROR] 两侧都必须有过孔才能标定平移（过孔是最干净的基准）。")
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if len(a_vias) != len(k_vias):
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print("[WARN] 两侧过孔数不同 —— 质心标定会被拉偏。先查清是导入丢了过孔，"
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"还是 Altium 侧导出漏了层，再比。")
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ax = sum(num(v["x"]) * scale for v in a_vias) / len(a_vias)
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ay = sum(num(v["y"]) * scale for v in a_vias) / len(a_vias)
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kx = sum(v["x"] for v in k_vias) / len(k_vias)
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ky = sum(v["y"] for v in k_vias) / len(k_vias)
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TX, TY = kx - ax, ky + ay
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print(f"transform : kx = ax*{scale} + {TX:.6f} ky = -ay*{scale} + {TY:.6f}")
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def T(o, kx_="x", ky_="y"):
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return (num(o[kx_]) * scale + TX, TY - num(o[ky_]) * scale)
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lines: list[str] = []
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bad = 0
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skipped_tracks = False
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bad += sum(match([T(v) for v in a_vias],
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[(v["x"], v["y"]) for v in k_vias], args.tol_mm, "VIAS", lines))
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a_pads_p, k_pads_p = av / "pads.json", kv / "pads.json"
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if a_pads_p.is_file() and k_pads_p.is_file():
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a_pads, k_pads = load(a_pads_p), load(k_pads_p)
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bad += sum(match([T(p, "X", "Y") for p in a_pads],
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[(p["x"], p["y"]) for p in k_pads], args.tol_mm, "PADS", lines))
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a_tr_p, k_tr_p = av / "tracks.json", kv / "tracks.json"
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if a_tr_p.is_file() and k_tr_p.is_file():
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a_tr, k_tr = load(a_tr_p), load(k_tr_p)
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if not args.layer_map:
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skipped_tracks = True
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suggest_layer_map(a_tr, k_tr)
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else:
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laymap = json.loads(Path(args.layer_map).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
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a_cu = [t for t in a_tr if str(t.get("Layer")) in laymap]
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print(f"\naltium tracks total={len(a_tr)} on mapped copper={len(a_cu)} "
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f"kicad copper tracks={len(k_tr)}")
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def mid_a(t):
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p1, p2 = T(t, "X1", "Y1"), T(t, "X2", "Y2")
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return ((p1[0] + p2[0]) / 2, (p1[1] + p2[1]) / 2)
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for alay, klay in sorted(laymap.items()):
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# 逐层比，否则相邻层上位置重合的走线会互相错配
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aa = [mid_a(t) for t in a_cu if str(t.get("Layer")) == alay]
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kk = [((t["x1"] + t["x2"]) / 2, (t["y1"] + t["y2"]) / 2)
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for t in k_tr if t["layer"] == klay]
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if not aa and not kk:
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continue
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bad += sum(match(aa, kk, args.tol_mm, f"TRACKS {alay} -> {klay}", lines))
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equivalent = bad == 0 and not skipped_tracks
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print("\n" + "=" * 60)
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print(f"TOTAL unmatched primitives: {bad}"
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+ (" (走线未比对)" if skipped_tracks else ""))
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print("=" * 60)
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if skipped_tracks:
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print("[INCOMPLETE] 没给 --layer-map，走线整个跳过了 —— 上面这个 0 只覆盖过孔和焊盘，"
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"不能当作等价结论。按上面的层计数写好 layer_map.json 再跑一次。")
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elif equivalent:
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print("离散几何 100% 等价 —— 走线/过孔/焊盘逐条对上。铺铜纹理、丝印字形、"
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"负片内电层的差异是工具固有项，不计入本判定（理由见 references\\playbook.md）。")
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if args.report:
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Path(args.report).write_text(json.dumps({
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"unmatched_total": bad, "equivalent": equivalent,
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"tracks_compared": not skipped_tracks,
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"scale_to_mm": scale, "tol_mm": args.tol_mm,
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"transform": {"tx": TX, "ty": TY},
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"details": lines,
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}, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
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print(f"[report] {args.report}")
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return 0 if equivalent else 1
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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try:
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sys.stdout.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8")
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except Exception:
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pass
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sys.exit(main())
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