diff --git a/fpga_flash/SKILL.md b/fpga_flash/SKILL.md
index bb526b7..2eab4fa 100644
--- a/fpga_flash/SKILL.md
+++ b/fpga_flash/SKILL.md
@@ -52,16 +52,18 @@ python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/<script>.py" [参数...]
 调用 `check_flash_csv.py`，检查 `xicom_cfgmem_part_table.csv` 中是否已包含 `w25q128bv-spi-x1_x2_x4`：
 
 ```bash
-python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py" \
-    --vivado-dir "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1"
+python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py"
 ```
 
 **返回值含义：**
 - 退出码 `0`：器件已存在，直接进入第二步
 - 退出码 `2`：已成功添加器件行，需提示用户**重启 Vivado** 后才能识别
-- 退出码 `1`：CSV 未找到，询问用户提供正确的 Vivado 安装目录后重试
+- 退出码 `1`：CSV 未找到，检查 `~/skills_env.md` 的 `VIVADO_ROOT` 是否指向有效的 Vivado 安装
 
-若 Vivado 不在默认路径 `D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1`，询问用户后替换 `--vivado-dir` 的值。
+**Vivado 安装路径不写死在本 skill 里**：三个脚本都通过 `scripts/vivado_env.py`
+按 `--vivado-dir` > 环境变量 > `~/skills_env.md` 的 `VIVADO_ROOT`（退化到 `VIVADO_PATH`）
+的顺序解析。换机器只改 `~/skills_env.md`，不改 skill。仅在需要临时用另一套 Vivado
+时才显式传 `--vivado-dir`。
 
 ---
 
@@ -88,12 +90,11 @@ python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py" \
 
 ```bash
 python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py" \
-    --vivado-dir "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1" \
     --bit-file   "E:/Xilinx_design/smod/SMOD_DTMB_CG/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_top.bit" \
     --mcs-file   "E:/Xilinx_design/smod/SMOD_DTMB_CG/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_smod.mcs"
 ```
 
-将示例路径替换为用户实际的 Vivado 安装路径、.bit 文件路径、.mcs 输出路径。
+将示例路径替换为用户实际的 .bit 文件路径、.mcs 输出路径（Vivado 路径自动解析，见第一步）。
 
 **验证成功的标志：** 输出中包含 `write_cfgmem completed successfully` 且显示 `0 Errors`。
 
@@ -105,7 +106,6 @@ python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py" \
 
 ```bash
 python "$USERPROFILE/.claude/skills/fpga_flash/scripts/program_flash.py" \
-    --vivado-dir  "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1" \
     --flash-part  "w25q128bv-spi-x1_x2_x4" \
     --bit-file    "E:/Xilinx_design/smod/SMOD_DTMB_CG/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_top.bit" \
     --mcs-file    "E:/Xilinx_design/smod/SMOD_DTMB_CG/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_smod.mcs" \
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ ILA core 的 `Dropping logic core` WARNING 是正常现象（载入 loader/golde
 
 | 现象 | 可能原因 | 解决方法 |
 |------|----------|----------|
-| `check_flash_csv.py` 退出码 1 | Vivado 不在默认路径 | 询问用户，更换 `--vivado-dir` 参数 |
+| `check_flash_csv.py` 退出码 1 | `VIVADO_ROOT` 未配置或指错 | 修正 `~/skills_env.md` 的 `VIVADO_ROOT`；临时可传 `--vivado-dir` 覆盖 |
 | Vivado 中找不到 w25q128bv | CSV 已修改但 Vivado 未重启 | 提示用户重启 Vivado 后重新执行 |
 | `No hardware target` 错误 | JTAG 未连接或板卡未上电 | 检查连接后重新执行第四步 |
 | DONE 灯不亮 | 启动模式跳线错误 | 检查 MODE 引脚电平，确认为 SPI 启动模式 |
diff --git a/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py b/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py
index 62e6eb4..6c3f44c 100644
--- a/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py
+++ b/fpga_flash/scripts/check_flash_csv.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ Checks whether 'w25q128bv-spi-x1_x2_x4' is present in Vivado's
 xicom_cfgmem_part_table.csv. If not, appends the correct row.
 
 Usage:
-    python check_flash_csv.py --vivado-dir "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1"
+    python check_flash_csv.py            # Vivado path from ~/skills_env.md
+    python check_flash_csv.py --vivado-dir "<install root>"   # or override it
 
 Exit codes:
     0 = device already present (no changes made)
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ import argparse
 import os
 import sys
 
+from vivado_env import resolve_vivado_dir
+
 DEVICE_NAME = "w25q128bv-spi-x1_x2_x4"
 # Fields: NAME, MEM_DEVICE, MEM_TYPE, MEM_DENSITY, DATA_WIDTH,
 #         MEM_MANUFACTURER, NUM_CFG_FILES, MEM_DEVICE_ALIAS, MEM_FAMILY
@@ -29,13 +32,14 @@ def main():
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--vivado-dir",
-        required=True,
-        help="Vivado install root, e.g. D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1",
+        default=None,
+        help="Vivado install root; defaults to VIVADO_ROOT from ~/skills_env.md",
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     csv_path = os.path.join(
-        args.vivado_dir, "data", "xicom", "xicom_cfgmem_part_table.csv"
+        resolve_vivado_dir(args.vivado_dir),
+        "data", "xicom", "xicom_cfgmem_part_table.csv"
     )
     csv_path = csv_path.replace("\\", "/")
 
diff --git a/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py b/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py
index 5a44ec5..8360263 100644
--- a/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py
+++ b/fpga_flash/scripts/gen_mcs.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ via -tclargs so no temporary script files are created.
 
 Usage:
     python gen_mcs.py \
-        --vivado-dir "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1" \
         --bit-file   "E:/project/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_top.bit" \
         --mcs-file   "E:/project/RU_golden/RU_golden.runs/impl_1/RU_golden_smod.mcs"
 
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
+from vivado_env import resolve_vivado_dir
+
 
 def norm(path: str) -> str:
     """Normalize path to forward slashes (Vivado on Windows accepts both)."""
@@ -32,8 +33,8 @@ def main():
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--vivado-dir",
-        required=True,
-        help="Vivado install root, e.g. D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1",
+        default=None,
+        help="Vivado install root; defaults to VIVADO_ROOT from ~/skills_env.md",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--bit-file",
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def main():
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    vivado_dir = norm(args.vivado_dir)
+    vivado_dir = norm(resolve_vivado_dir(args.vivado_dir))
     bit_file = norm(args.bit_file)
     mcs_file = norm(args.mcs_file)
 
diff --git a/fpga_flash/scripts/program_flash.py b/fpga_flash/scripts/program_flash.py
index acf7d96..f4e6d09 100644
--- a/fpga_flash/scripts/program_flash.py
+++ b/fpga_flash/scripts/program_flash.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ via -tclargs so no temporary script files are created.
 
 Usage:
     python program_flash.py \
-        --vivado-dir  "D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1" \
         --flash-part  "w25q128bv-spi-x1_x2_x4" \
         --bit-file    "E:/project/impl_1/RU_golden_top.bit" \
         --mcs-file    "E:/project/impl_1/RU_golden_smod.mcs" \
@@ -29,6 +28,8 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
+from vivado_env import resolve_vivado_dir
+
 
 def norm(path: str) -> str:
     """Normalize path to forward slashes (Vivado on Windows accepts both)."""
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ def main():
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--vivado-dir",
-        required=True,
-        help="Vivado install root, e.g. D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1",
+        default=None,
+        help="Vivado install root; defaults to VIVADO_ROOT from ~/skills_env.md",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--flash-part",
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ def main():
     )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    vivado_dir = norm(args.vivado_dir)
+    vivado_dir = norm(resolve_vivado_dir(args.vivado_dir))
     bit_file = norm(args.bit_file)
     mcs_file = norm(args.mcs_file)
     ltx_file = norm(args.ltx_file) if args.ltx_file else ""
diff --git a/fpga_flash/scripts/vivado_env.py b/fpga_flash/scripts/vivado_env.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d805951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fpga_flash/scripts/vivado_env.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Resolve the machine-local Vivado install path.
+
+The install path differs per machine (C:\\Xilinx here, D:\\Xilinx elsewhere), so it
+is never hardcoded in a skill. It lives in ~/skills_env.md, which stays out of git.
+Precedence: explicit --vivado-dir > OS env var > ~/skills_env.md.
+"""
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+def env_lookup(key, default=None):
+    """Read KEY from the OS environment, else from a `KEY = value` line in
+    ~/skills_env.md. Trailing `# comments` are stripped."""
+    v = os.environ.get(key)
+    if v:
+        return v
+    path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "skills_env.md")
+    try:
+        with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                m = re.match(rf"\s*{re.escape(key)}\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*(?:#.*)?$", line)
+                if m:
+                    val = m.group(1).strip()
+                    # Placeholders like `<未安装>` mean "not configured on this machine".
+                    if val and not val.startswith("<"):
+                        return val
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    return default
+
+
+def resolve_vivado_dir(cli_value=None):
+    """Vivado install ROOT (the dir containing bin/vivado.bat)."""
+    if cli_value:
+        return cli_value
+    root = env_lookup("VIVADO_ROOT")
+    if root:
+        return root
+    exe = env_lookup("VIVADO_PATH")
+    if exe:
+        # .../<root>/bin/vivado.bat -> <root>
+        return os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(exe))
+    sys.exit(
+        "Vivado path not configured. Add `VIVADO_ROOT = <install root>` to "
+        "~/skills_env.md, set it as an env var, or pass --vivado-dir."
+    )
+
+
+def resolve_vivado_exe(cli_value=None):
+    """Full path to bin/vivado.bat."""
+    if cli_value:
+        return cli_value
+    exe = env_lookup("VIVADO_PATH")
+    if exe:
+        return exe
+    return os.path.join(resolve_vivado_dir(), "bin", "vivado.bat")
diff --git a/fpga_update/scripts/gen_update_mcs.py b/fpga_update/scripts/gen_update_mcs.py
index 7ac6609..62ba1ff 100644
--- a/fpga_update/scripts/gen_update_mcs.py
+++ b/fpga_update/scripts/gen_update_mcs.py
@@ -34,7 +34,41 @@ IMPL = os.path.join(REPO, "my_exciter.runs", "impl_1")
 POST_BITSTREAM = os.path.join(TCL_DIR, "post_bitstream.tcl")
 GEN_RU = os.path.join(TCL_DIR, "runScript_GenRu.tcl")
 PERL_SCRIPT = os.path.join(TCL_DIR, "MakeSpiFlashProgrammerMcsFiles_backup.pl")
-DEFAULT_VIVADO = r"D:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1\bin\vivado.bat"
+
+
+def _env_lookup(key, default=None):
+    """Machine-local values (paths, IPs) live in ~/skills_env.md, never in git.
+    An OS environment variable of the same name overrides the file."""
+    v = os.environ.get(key)
+    if v:
+        return v
+    path = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), "skills_env.md")
+    try:
+        with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                m = re.match(rf"\s*{re.escape(key)}\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*(?:#.*)?$", line)
+                if m:
+                    val = m.group(1).strip()
+                    if val and not val.startswith("<"):
+                        return val
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    return default
+
+
+def resolve_vivado():
+    """Vivado's install path differs per machine -- never hardcode it."""
+    exe = _env_lookup("VIVADO_PATH")
+    if exe:
+        return exe
+    root = _env_lookup("VIVADO_ROOT")
+    if root:
+        return os.path.join(root, "bin", "vivado.bat")
+    sys.exit(
+        "Vivado path not configured. Add `VIVADO_PATH = <...>/bin/vivado.bat` to "
+        "~/skills_env.md, set it as an env var, or pass --vivado."
+    )
+
 
 # runScript_GenRu.tcl hardcodes this name.
 BASE_MCS = "atsc_exciter.mcs"
@@ -66,10 +100,12 @@ def first_ela(path):
 
 def main():
     ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
-    ap.add_argument("--vivado", default=DEFAULT_VIVADO)
+    ap.add_argument("--vivado", default=None,
+                    help="path to vivado.bat; defaults to VIVADO_PATH from ~/skills_env.md")
     ap.add_argument("--tag", help="rename the result to <tag>_update.mcs so it survives the next run")
     ap.add_argument("--keep-byproducts", action="store_true")
     args = ap.parse_args()
+    args.vivado = args.vivado or resolve_vivado()
 
     for path, what in ((args.vivado, "vivado"), (POST_BITSTREAM, "post_bitstream.tcl"),
                        (GEN_RU, "runScript_GenRu.tcl"), (PERL_SCRIPT, "perl script")):
diff --git a/smod_atsc_dev/SKILL.md b/smod_atsc_dev/SKILL.md
index 0dacaa3..b293982 100644
--- a/smod_atsc_dev/SKILL.md
+++ b/smod_atsc_dev/SKILL.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ FPGA 做 8VSB 调制 / DPD / AGC / TS 前处理，imx6 跑 `atsc_app`（配置 A
 | 激励器 Vivado 工程 | `E:\Xilinx_design\smod\SMOD_ATSC\my_exciter\my_exciter.xpr`（top = `smod_top`，也是 **git 仓库根**） |
 | 打底 golden 工程 | `E:\Xilinx_design\smod\SMOD_ATSC\RU_golden\RU_golden.xpr`（top = `RU_golden_top`） |
 | FPGA / Flash | `xc7a200tfbg676-2` / Winbond **w25q128bv**（128 Mbit = 16 MB，SPIx1） |
-| Vivado | `D:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1`（`bin\vivado.bat`） |
+| Vivado | 见 `~\skills_env.md` 的 `VIVADO_ROOT`（其下 `bin\vivado.bat`）——路径因机器而异，不要写死盘符 |
 | imx6 源码 | `my_exciter\imx6\src\atsc_app`（Makefile 在该目录根） |
 | imx6 设备 | `192.168.1.143`，用户 `root`，密码见 `~\skills_env.md` 的 `SMOD_SSH_PASS`（网页 + SSH；Windows 主机 `192.168.1.125` 同网段） |
 | 交叉编译 VM | `bowei@192.168.223.128`，密码见 `~\skills_env.md` 的 `CROSS_VM_PASS`，构建目录 `~/atsc_head_build` |
diff --git a/tools-sync/references/skills_env_template.md b/tools-sync/references/skills_env_template.md
index ba19620..499169d 100644
--- a/tools-sync/references/skills_env_template.md
+++ b/tools-sync/references/skills_env_template.md
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ CONDA_LANGGRAPH_PYTHON  = C:\Users\<user>\.conda\envs\langgraph\python.exe
 ## EDA / 硬件工具
 
 ```
-VIVADO_PATH   = D:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1\bin\vivado.bat
+VIVADO_ROOT   = <Vivado 安装根目录，如 C:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1 —— 必须实测，不同机器盘符不同>
+VIVADO_PATH   = <上一行 + \bin\vivado.bat>
 KICAD_PYTHONPATH = C:\Program Files\KiCad\10.0\bin\Lib\site-packages
 MATLAB_MCP_EXE = C:\Users\<user>\.matlab\agentic-toolkits\bin\matlab-mcp-server.exe
 ```
diff --git a/vivado-prj-create/SKILL.md b/vivado-prj-create/SKILL.md
index 3e04a4a..afd88cc 100644
--- a/vivado-prj-create/SKILL.md
+++ b/vivado-prj-create/SKILL.md
@@ -28,23 +28,28 @@ This skill helps you generate TCL scripts for automatically creating Xilinx Viva
 
 ## IMPORTANT: Vivado Installation Check (Step 0 - REQUIRED)
 
-**Before asking any questions, you MUST first check if Vivado is installed at the default location.**
+**Before asking any questions, you MUST first resolve and verify the Vivado install path.**
 
-Use the Bash tool to check if the default Vivado installation path exists:
+The install path is machine-local and is **never hardcoded in this skill**. Read
+`VIVADO_ROOT` from `~/skills_env.md` (an env var of the same name overrides it),
+then verify it:
 
 ```bash
-test -d "d:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1/bin" && echo "EXISTS" || echo "NOT_FOUND"
+VIVADO_ROOT=$(sed -n 's/^[[:space:]]*VIVADO_ROOT[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*//p' ~/skills_env.md | head -1)
+test -d "$VIVADO_ROOT/bin" && echo "EXISTS: $VIVADO_ROOT" || echo "NOT_FOUND"
 ```
 
-- If the result is `EXISTS`: Proceed to Step 1 (interactive questions)
+- If the result is `EXISTS`: use that value as `{{VIVADO_PATH}}`, proceed to Step 1
 - If the result is `NOT_FOUND`: **Stop and report error to the user:**
 
 ```
-错误 / Error: Vivado 没有正确安装！
+错误 / Error: 找不到 Vivado 安装！
 
-请确认 Vivado 已安装在默认路径: d:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1\bin\
+请在 ~/skills_env.md 中把 VIVADO_ROOT 设为实际的 Vivado 安装根目录
+（该目录下应有 bin\vivado.bat）。
 
-Please ensure Vivado is installed at: d:\Xilinx\Vivado\2018.1\bin\
+Please set VIVADO_ROOT in ~/skills_env.md to your actual Vivado install root
+(the directory containing bin\vivado.bat).
 ```
 
 ## IMPORTANT: Interactive Question Requirements
@@ -549,7 +554,7 @@ Replace the template variables with user-provided values:
 
 | Variable | Description |
 |----------|-------------|
-| `{{VIVADO_PATH}}` | Vivado installation path (always: `D:/Xilinx/Vivado/2018.1`) |
+| `{{VIVADO_PATH}}` | Vivado installation path — resolved in Step 0 from `VIVADO_ROOT` in `~/skills_env.md`; never hardcode a drive letter |
 | `{{PROJECT_NAME}}` | Project name |
 | `{{DEVICE_PART}}` | FPGA part number |
 | `{{TIMESTAMP}}` | Current date/time |